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© 1996 SBEAP
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Wood Furniture Makers Compliance Options and Regulatory Requirements under the Clean Air Act: |
This pamphlet was written by Julie Peters and edited by Felice Stadler. Jean Waters, Tim Piero, and
Dennis Murphey made significant contributions. Special thanks to David Tweedie for reviewing the
pamphlet.
This pamphlet was prepared by the Kansas Small Business Environmental Assistance Program.
SBEAP is funded through a contract with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment.
wood kitchen cabinets (2434) wood household furniture—
nonupholstered (2511)wood household furniture—
upholstered (2512)wood television, radio, phonograph, and
sewing cabinets (2517)household furniture not elsewhere
classified (2519)wood office furniture (2521)public building and related furniture
(2531)wood office fixtures, partitions, shelving,
and lockers (2541)furniture and fixtures not elsewhere
classified (2599)furniture stores (5712) use less than or equal to 250 gal/month
of coating, gluing, cleaning, and washoff
materials; or use less than or equal to 3,000 gal/rolling
12-month period of these same materials;
or use materials containing no more than five
tons of one HAP or 12.5 tons of a
combination of HAPs per rolling 12-
month period, and where these materials
account for at least 90 percent of the
facility’s HAP emissions associated with
wood furniture manufacturing.
| Where to Turn For general information, fact sheets, Kansas AIRLines newsletter, or other SBEAP publications: SBEAP Resource Center at KU 913-864-3968 For assistance with audits, technical information, or permits: SBEAP Technical Assistance at KSU 800-578-8898 If you have a complaint, a question, or are unsure of whom to call: Office of the Public Advocate 800-357-6087 (in Topeka, 296-0669) |
Where:
E = Emission limit (lb VHAP/lb solids)
M = lb solids/month (for each finishing material)
C = lb VHAP/lb solids (for each finishing material)
S = lb VHAP/lb solvent (for each solvent added)
W = lb solvent/month (added to finishing material)
[Note that M1 is one material used, M2 is another
material, etc., through MN for however many different
materials used.]
Table 1—Emission Limits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Emission Point | Existing Source (lb VHAP/lb solids as applied)* | New Source (lb VHAP/lb solids as applied) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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All Cleaning Operations:(lb VOC/lb solids)** Strippable Spray Booth Material | 0.8 | 0.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Step One. For each finishing material you use monthly, multiply mass of solids (lb solids/
month) times its VHAP content (lb VHAP/lb solids):
lb solids/month x lb VHAP/lb solids = lb VHAP/month for finishing materials
(MN ) (CN )
Step Two. For each solvent you add to a finishing material monthly, multiply its VHAP content
(lb VHAP/lb solvent) times the amount of solvent used (lb solvent/month):
lb VHAP/lb solvent x lb solvent/month = lb VHAP/month for solvent added
(SN ) (WN )
Step Three. Add the results from step one and two for all finishing materials and
added solvents, then divide by the total solids used per month for all finishing materials
(M1 + M2 + ...
+ MN ).
To demonstrate initial compliance, submit
an initial compliance status report that includes the results of the averaging calculation
for the first month following your compliance
date. The emission limit should be less than or
equal to the established limits listed in Table 1.
To demonstrate ongoing compliance, you
must perform the same calculation monthly.
Your semiannual compliance report will
include the monthly averaging calculation,
signed by an official of your company, stating
that you are meeting the prescribed emission
limit.
If you exceed the set emission limit, you
are out of compliance for each day of the
month, unless you can attribute the
exceedance to a particular day or days.
Compliance Option B.
Compliant coatings
Make a list of each regulated finishing material
and the quantity used by your facility. Record
the VHAP and solids content, as reported on
the CPDS.
If you purchase premade materials, make
sure the coatings meet the limits listed in
Table 1 and thinners contain no more than 10
percent HAP by weight.
If you formulate washcoats, basecoats,
and enamels on site, use finishing materials
containing no more than 1 lb VHAP/lb solids
and a thinner containing no more than 3
percent HAP by weight.
To demonstrate initial compliance, submit
an initial compliance status report stating that
you are using compliant stains, washcoats,
basecoats, enamels, sealers, topcoats, and
thinners (maintain CPDS for all materials).
To demonstrate ongoing compliance,
submit a signed compliance certification that
states you have used compliant coatings
during the entire reporting period.
You are out of compliance if you use a
noncompliant coating.
Continuous coaters using Option B may
choose between two methods for demonstrating initial and ongoing compliance:
Continuous Coaters—Method One
To demonstrate initial compliance, submit an
initial compliance status report stating that you
are using compliant coatings and compliant
thinners.
To demonstrate ongoing compliance,
submit a signed compliance certification
stating that you used compliant coatings and
thinners during the entire reporting period. If
you used noncompliant coatings, identify the
days on which you used them and explain why
you used them.
You are out of compliance if you use a
noncompliant coating.
Continuous Coaters—Method Two
To demonstrate initial compliance, submit an
initial compliance status report stating that you
are using compliant coatings, showing that
viscosity is an appropriate operating parameter, monitoring the viscosity of the coating in
the reservoir, and using compliant thinners.
To demonstrate ongoing compliance,
submit a compliance certification stating that
you used compliant coatings and thinners each
day and that the viscosity of the coating in the
reservoir was not less than the viscosity of the
initial coating. The initial coating is the coating
initially mixed and placed in the reservoir for
any day in the reporting period. Continuously
monitor the viscosity, or measure the initial
viscosity and measure each time after adding
solvent. Maintain records of solvent additions.
You are out of compliance if the coating’s
viscosity in the reservoir is less than the viscosity
of the initial coating or the coatings exceed the
limits listed in Table 1.
| |
| Control Device | Operating Parameters |
| Thermal Incinerator Catalytic Incinerator Fixed catalyst bed Fluidized catalyst bed Carbon Adsorber Other |
Minimum combustion temperature. Minimum gas temperature up and downstream from bed. Minimum gas temperature upstream from bed plus pressure drop across catalyst bed. Total regeneration mass stream flow and carbon bed temperature after each regeneration, or the concentration level of organic compounds exiting the adsorber. Establish your own (see text). |
Compliance Option C.
Control device
Identify and submit operating parameters that
will be monitored to demonstrate compliance
with the emission limits. See Table 2 for
example operating parameters.
Conduct a performance test and calculate
the overall control efficiency to show that you
meet the emission limits listed in Table 1. For
more information on performance testing,
contact SBEAP.
Demonstrate ongoing compliance by
continuously measuring and recording the
values of site-specific operating parameters,
which you establish during the initial performance test. If you exceed the emission limits,
submit an excess emission report and a
summary report.
If you use a control device not listed in
Table 2, submit a description of the equipment with test data verifying its performance
capabilities, as well as operating parameters
that will be monitored to demonstrate ongoing
compliance.
Compliance Option D.
Combination of Options A, B, and C
If you choose this option, you are required to
follow all applicable requirements listed under
each separate compliance option.
Cleaning
All cleaning operations
Use strippable spray booth coatings with no
more than 0.8 lb VOC/lb solids (see Table 1).
Maintain copies of CPDS for each strippable
spray booth material used.
Submit an initial compliance status report
stating that you are using compliant strippable
spray booth coatings.
To demonstrate ongoing compliance,
submit a signed compliance certification
stating that you used compliant coatings
during the entire reporting period.
Gluing
Compliance Option A.
Weighted average
You cannot use this method for contact
adhesives. Use Option B or Option C.
Compliance Option B.
Compliant materials
Use compliant materials that will meet the
VHAP content for contact adhesives listed in
Table 1.
To demonstrate initial compliance, submit
an initial compliance status report stating that
you are using compliant contact adhesives.
To demonstrate ongoing compliance,
submit a signed compliance certification
stating that you used compliant contact
adhesives during the entire reporting period.
You are out of compliance if the VHAP
content of your contact adhesives exceeds the
limits listed in Table 1.
Compliance Option C.
Control device
Meet all requirements listed under compliance
Option C for Finishing.
they are used in conjunction with coatings
that emit less than 1 lb VHAP/lb of
solids used; they are used under limited conditions for
touchup and repair;spray is automated; add-on controls are employed;the cumulative application is less than 5
percent of the total gallons of coatings
applied; or the permitting agency determines that it is
economically or technically unfeasible to
use other application technologies.
Inspection and
Maintenance Plan
At a minimum, do a monthly leak inspection
of all equipment used to transfer or apply
finishing materials, adhesives, or solvents.
Record the date and results of each leak
inspection and any repairs made.
Initial repairs should be made within five
days and final repairs should be made within
15 days. If new equipment is required to
replace leaking equipment, it must be installed
within three months.
| ||
| Chemical Name | CAS No.* | De Minimus Levels (tons/yr) |
| Dimethyl Formamide Formaldehyde Methylene Chloride 2-Nitropropane Isophorone Styrene Monomer Phenol Diethanolamine 2-Methoxyethanol 2-Ethoxyethyl Acetate |
68122 50000 75092 79469 78591 1000425 108952 11422 109864 111159 |
1.0 0.2 4.0 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.1 5.0 10.0 5.0 |
| |
Compliance Option | Recordkeeping |
| All Owners |
|
| Finishing Operations Option A. Weighted Average
Option B. Compliant Coatings (2, 3, and 4 only apply to continuous coaters)
Option C. Control Device
Option D. Combination
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| Cleaning Operations Requirement
| Copy of semiannual compliance certification. |
| Gluing Operations Option A. Weighted Average Option B. Compliant Coatings Option C. Control Device
|
Option not available. Choose Option B or Option C. Copy of semiannual compliance certification.
|
| Work Practice Standards Requirement |
Records associated with fulfilling Work Practice Implementation Plan, including:
|
If you are affected by this MACT standard,
you must comply with the following reporting
requirements. These requirements are some-
what minimized if you use compliant materials to meet emission limits. Table 5 lists
compliance dates and Table 6 summarizes the
requirements of the Clean Air Act General
Provisions. Table 7 outlines requirements
specific to the wood furniture rule, while
Table 8 outlines the requirements of the initial
notification report.
The MACT standard applies to major
wood furniture manufacturing sources. Area
sources are exempt from the standard.
Table 5—Compliance Dates | |
| Source Type | Compliance Date | Major Existing Sources*
emitting 50 tons or more of HAP in 1996 Area sources (new) that become major New major sources**
|
12/07/98 11/21/97
One year after change in status
|
* Existing Source—A source in operation before December 7, 1995.
** New Source—A source constructed or reconstructed after December 7, 1995.
| |
Requirement | Due Date |
| Existing Sources: Submit Initial Notification Report (see Table 8)
New Sources:
Sources using control devices:
|
September 7, 1996
By the compliance date (see Table 5)
60 days prior to test |
|
Send original reports to: Harish Agarwal Chief, Air Compliance and Planning Bureau of Air and Radiation KDHE Building 283, Forbes Field Topeka, KS 66620-0001 |
Send copies to: William A. Spratlin Director of Air, RCRA, and Toxics U.S. EPA, Region 7 726 Minnesota Avenue Kansas City, KS 66101 |
| |
| Requirements for All Sources | Due Date |
Initial Compliance Status Report:
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Sources not using a control device: 60 days after compliance date (see Table 5). Sources using a control device: 60 days after performance test results.
|
Continued Compliance Status Report:
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Semiannually, with first report due 30 days after first six-month period; subsequent reports due 30 days after each six-month period. |
| |
| Contents—Requirements for All Sources | Due Date |
| Name and address of owner or operator Address of wood furniture manufacturing facility Compliance date (see Table 5) Brief description of facility and identification of air emissions sources Declaration of major or area source status
|
September 7, 1996 |
If you are a major source of hazardous air
pollutants, you are required to get a Class I air
operating permit from the Kansas Department
of Health and Environment (KDHE). A
major source emits or has the potential to emit
10 tons of a single HAP or 25 tons of a
combination of HAPs. Potential-to-emit
means maximum amount of air pollution your
facility could possibly emit if it operated at
100 percent of design capacity; all equipment
was operated 24 hours per day, 365 days per
year; and no pollution control equipment was
being used. Therefore, while your actual
emissions may fall below the major source
thresholds for HAPs, your potential emissions
could classify you as a major source.
If your actual emissions are above the
major source thresholds, you have to get a
Class I permit. However, if your actual
emissions are below these thresholds, but your
potential emissions are above, you may be able
to apply for a Class II permit. Class II permit
applications are relatively simple, and they
provide an opportunity for you to avoid the
rigor, complexity, and expense of a Class I
permit application.
The Class II permit puts a federally
enforceable limit on your facility’s potential-to-
emit (PtE). This means that the limits are
practicable (possible and workable) and
provable (requiring some recordkeeping and
reporting). Examples of this include:
limiting operating hours (operating less
than 8,760 hours per year);limiting production rates (producing a
specific quantity);limiting material usage (restricting purchasing to a specific quantity); andlimiting material content (using materials
with a specific HAP
content).Table 9 illustrates the available permit options, depending on your actual and potential air emissions. If you determine that you need to apply for a permit, whether it be Class I or Class II, contact KDHE. If you need help calculating your air emissions to determine which permit may apply to you, contact SBEAP.
Table 9—Kansas Air Permits | ||
| Source Type | Class I Permit | Class II Permit |
| Major Source (actual emissions > major source levels)*
| 
|
N/A |
| Major Source (potential emissions > major source levels, actual emissions < major source levels)
|
(or limit PtE) |
|
| Area Source (potential and actual emissions < major source levels) |
N/A | N/A |
* > means greater than, < means less than.
Pollution prevention techniques can help you
reduce emissions and save money while
helping you comply with the MACT standard.
Generally speaking, one single technique
or technology will not be adequate to achieve
the level of performance required by the
Clean Air Act. A combination of approaches
is generally the best way to meet your requirements. The following section provides ideas
for implementing pollution prevention practices in your facility. These practices can help
reduce air emissions, hazardous waste generation, and worker exposure to toxic materials.
Applicable pollution prevention techniques
include:
improving operation and maintenance
procedures; managing inventory;substituting materials; modifying production processes; and recovering, recycling, and reusing materials.
When using spray guns, look for an ideal
air and fluid pressure. It should be high
enough to provide good atomization.
Overspray, blowback, and worker exposure should be minimized. Position larger pieces behind smaller ones
to catch overspray. Adjust spray patterns to fit the size of
pieces you are spraying. Minimize cleanup solvent waste by
dedicating guns for certain materials or
scheduling jobs in batches.
Position the spray gun 8 to 12 inches from
workpiece.Use a perpendicular, sweeping arm
motion when applying coating.Trigger the spray gun at the beginning and
end of each pass.Overlap strokes by 50 percent.
Determine whether cleaning is really
necessary—you may find that it is not. Minimize the number of times you clean
your equipment. Apply light-colored
finishing materials first, then progressively
use darker coatings whenever possible. Flush equipment first with dirty solvent
before final cleaning with virgin solvent,
or preclean items with rags before cleaning with solvents. Use enclosed gun cleaners. Use solvents until they lose their effectiveness, as opposed to when they look dirty.Use rubber wipers instead of rags to
remove coatings from tank walls. Inspect materials upon delivery. Immediately return unacceptable materials. Date
materials and use a first-in, first-out policy
to ensure that older materials are used up
before new ones are opened. Work closely with suppliers to provide
just-in-time material delivery. Order
accurate amounts needed for the job.Reduce the number of solvents used by
finding one multipurpose solvent that can
serve a variety of purposes. This can
reduce the cost of managing waste and
facilitate recycling.Return unused materials to your supplier
(make arrangements up front, before
purchase). Explore the possibility of
returning materials with expired shelf life
to your supplier, sell them to another
shop, or trade them for another shop’s
unused materials.
Benefits—Reduces VOC and HAP
emissions, reduces solvent usage, reduces
fire hazard, reduces number of spray
applications required. Drawbacks—May need to use higher cure
temperatures, coatings are sensitive to
temperature and humidity, tacky overspray
may be difficult to clean. Benefits—Reduces VOC and HAP
emissions, allows use of conventional
spray application processes, reduces
hazards and odors associated with solvent-borne coatings, reduces fire hazard,
and reduces hazardous waste generation. Drawbacks—Requires longer drying times
or higher oven temperatures, costs more
than solvent-borne coatings, may require
converting coating line, may raise wood
grain, and final appearance may not be of
same quality as conventional coatings.
Case StudyThomson Crown Wood Products Conversion to HVLP Spray Equipment |
Thomson Crown manufactures wood and wood-finished television cabinets. Cabinet parts were coated using air-assisted airless spray guns (high air pressure up to 55 psi), causing poor transfer efficiency and generating large amounts of VOC emissions. The company purchased HVLP spray guns to replace existing guns.
Cost—$21,350 |
Case StudySolvent Recovery and ReuseEthan Allen Furniture |
The company installed a solvent distillation unit to recover solvents and reduce hazardous waste generation. A 7-gallon batch still, which is run twice daily, recovers 5 gallons of reusable solvent for every 7 gallons of cleanup waste.
Cost—$4,500 |
Segregate your waste. Mixing waste can
make it difficult to recycle raw materials,
increasing your disposal costs. Recover solvents, preferably on site. This
may be a viable option for shops generating large enough volumes of solvent
waste to offset the cost of a solvent
distillation unit. Keep in mind that solvent
sludge may be regulated as hazardous
waste. Some recovery equipment (other
than solvent distillation units) may be
regulated as waste treatment systems,
which would require a state permit prior
to use. Check with KDHE to determine
which recovery systems are regulated. Extend solvent life by filtering solids and
using dirty solvent for jobs not requiring
virgin solvent (such as rough cleaning). Reuse cleanup solvents or solvent distillation sludge for coating secondary surfaces
when appearance is not a factor. If recycling on site is not feasible, work
with a contractor who recycles spent
solvents and exchanges them for clean
solvents.
Aerosol adhesive An adhesive
dispensed from a pressurized container as a
suspension of fine particles in gas.
Affected source A wood furniture
manufacturing facility that is engaged, either in
part or in whole, in the manufacture of wood
furniture or wood furniture components and
that is located at a plant site that is a major
source.
Alternative method Any method
of sampling and analyzing for an air pollutant
that is not a reference or equivalent method
but has been demonstrated to produce results
adequate for determining compliance.
Area source Under this MACT
standard, a source that uses less than or equal
to 250 gal/month, or 3,000 gal/rolling 12-
month period of coating, gluing, cleaning, and
washoff materials, provided that these materials account for at least 90 percent of the
source’s annual hazardous air pollutant
emissions. Area sources are exempt from this
MACT standard.
As applied The HAP and solids
content of the coating or contact adhesive that
is actually used for coating or gluing the
substrate, after any materials have been added
in-house for thinning.
Baseline conditions The conditions that exist prior to an affected source
implementing controls, such as a control
system.
Capture device A hood, enclosed
room, floor sweep, or other means of collecting solvent emissions or other pollutants into a
duct so that the pollutant can be directed to a
pollution control device such as an incinerator
or carbon adsorber.
Capture efficiency The fraction of
all organic vapors generated by a process that
is directed to a control device.
Certified Product Data Sheet
(CPDS)
Documentation furnished by
coating or adhesive suppliers or an outside
laboratory that provides the HAP content by
percent weight of a finishing material, contact
adhesive, or solvent.
Coating solids The part of the
coating that remains after the coating is dried
or cured.
Compliant coating/contact
adhesive
A finishing material, contact
adhesive, or strippable booth coating that
meets the emission limits specified in Table 1
of this pamphlet.
Contact adhesive An adhesive that
is applied to two substrates, dried, and mated
under only enough pressure to result in good
contact. The bond is immediate and sufficiently strong to hold pieces together without
further clamping, pressure, or airing.
Continuous coater A finishing
system that continuously applies finishing
materials onto furniture parts moving along a
conveyer. Finishing materials that are not
transferred to the part are recycled to a
reservoir. Several application methods can be
used with a continuous coater, including
spraying, curtain coating, roll coating, dip
coating, and flow coating.
Continuous compliance
The
affected source is meeting the emission
limitations and other requirements at all times,
and is fulfilling all monitoring and
recordkeeping provisions of the rule to
demonstrate compliance.
Control device Equipment that
reduces the quantity of a pollutant emitted to
the air. The device may destroy or secure the
pollutant for subsequent recovery.
Control device efficiency The
ratio of the pollutant released by a control
device and the pollutant introduced to the
control device.
Control system The combination of
capture and control devices used to reduce
emissions to the atmosphere.
Conventional air spray A spray
coating method in which the coating is
atomized by mixing it with compressed air and
applied at an air pressure greater than 10 lb/
square inch.
De minimus levels Emission levels
established by the U.S. EPA for hazardous air
pollutants. Emissions below the de minimus
levels are not regulated by the Clean Air Act.
Equipment leak Emission of
volatile hazardous air pollutants from pumps,
valves, flanges, or other equipment used to
transfer or apply coatings, adhesives, or
organic solvents.
Equivalent method Any method of
sampling and analyzing for an air pollutant
that has been demonstrated to have a consistent and quantitatively known relationship to
the referenced method.
Foam adhesive A contact adhesive
used for gluing foam to fabric, foam to foam,
and fabric to wood.
Incidental wood furniture
manufacturer
A major source that is
primarily engaged in the manufacture of
products other than wood furniture or wood
furniture components and that uses no more
than 100 gal/month of finishing material or
adhesives in the manufacture of wood furniture or wood furniture components. Incidental
wood furniture manufacturers are facilities
that manufacture small quantities of furniture
primarily for on-site use. Sources falling under
this definition are exempt from the standard.
However, these facilities will have to maintain
records of coating and adhesive usage to
demonstrate that they are incidental wood
furniture manufacturers.
Incinerator An enclosed combustion
device that thermally oxidizes volatile organic
compounds to carbon monoxide and carbon
dioxide and water.
Major source Under this MACT
standard, a source that has the potential to
emit 10 tons of a single hazardous air pollutant (HAP) or 25 tons of a combination of
HAPs annually. Major sources must comply
with all provisions of this MACT standard,
including obtaining an air operating permit
from the state of Kansas. Under the Clean Air
Act and the Kansas Air Quality Act, a major
source is defined as one that emits or has the
potential to emit annually 10 tons of a single
HAP; 25 tons of a combination of HAPs; or
100 tons of nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides,
carbon monoxide, or particulate matters
smaller than 10 microns.
Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS)
Documentation required for
hazardous materials that identifies certain
reportable hazardous ingredients, safety and
health considerations, and safe handling
procedures. These documents are furnished to
the user by the supplier or manufacturer.
Noncompliant coating/contact
adhesive
A finishing material, contact
adhesive, or strippable spray booth coating
that has a VHAP content (or VOC content for
the strippable booth coating) greater than the
emission limits listed in Table 1.
Nonporous substrate A surface
that is impermeable to liquids. Examples
include metal, rigid plastic, flexible vinyl, and
rubber.
Operating parameter value A
minimum or maximum value established for a
control device or process parameter that, if
achieved by itself or in combination with one
or more operating parameter values, determines that an owner or operator has complied
with an applicable emission limit.
Overall control efficiency The
efficiency of a control system, expressed as a
percentage, calculated by multiplying the
capture and control device efficiencies.
Rolling 12-month period The
time period that includes the previous 12
months of operation.
Storage containers Vessels or
tanks, including mix equipment, used to hold
finishing, gluing, cleaning, or washoff materials.
Strippable spray booth
material
A coating that: (1) is applied to a
spray booth wall to provide a protective film
to collect overspray during finishing operations; and (2) reduces or eliminates the need to
use organic solvents to clean spray booth
walls.
Substrate The surface onto which a
coating or contact adhesive is applied.
Washcoat A transparent special-
purpose finishing material having a solids
content of 12 percent by weight or less.
Washoff operations Operations in
which organic solvent is used to remove
coating from wood furniture or a wood
furniture component.
Wood furniture manufacturing
operations
The finishing, gluing, cleaning, and washoff operations associated with
the production of wood furniture or wood
furniture components.
| Chemical Name | CAS No. |
| 0-Xylene | 95476 |
| 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane | 79345 |
| 1,1,2-Trichloroethane | 79005 |
| 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine | 57147 |
| 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene | 120821 |
| 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane | 96128 |
| 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine |
122667 |
| 1,2-Epoxybutane | 106887 |
| 1,2-Propylenimine (2-Methyl aziridine) | 75558 |
| 1,3-Butadiene | 106990 |
| 1,3-Dichloropropene | 542756 |
| 1,3-Propane sultone | 1120714 |
| 1,4-Dichlorobenzene | 106467 |
| 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethyleneoxide) | 123911 |
| 2-Acetylaminofluorine |
53963 |
| 2-Chloroacetophenone | 532274 |
| 2-Nitropropane | 79469 |
| 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane | 540841 |
| 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzop-dioxin | 1746016 |
| 2,4-Dinitrophenol | 51285 |
| 2,4-Dinitrotoluene | 121142 |
| 2,4-Toluenediamine | 95807 |
| 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol | 95954 |
|
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol | 88062 |
| 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, including salts and esters) | 94757 |
| 3,3’-Dichlorobenzidine | 91941 |
| 3,3’-Dimethoxybenzidine | 119904 |
| 3,3’-Dimethylbenzidene |
119937 |
| 4-Aminobiphenyl |
92671 |
| 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene |
60117 |
|
4-Nitrobiphenyl | 92933 |
| 4-Nitrophenol | 100027 |
|
4,4’-Methylenebis (2-chloroaniline) |
101144 |
| 4,4’-Methylenedianiline |
101779 |
| 4,4’-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) |
101688 |
|
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol, and salts Acetalaldehyde | 75070 |
| Acetamide |
60355 |
| Acetonitrile |
75058 |
|
Acetophenone |
98862 |
| Acrolein |
107028 |
| Acrylamide | 79061 |
| Acrylic acid | 79107 |
| Acrylonitrile |
107131 |
| Allyl chloride |
107051 |
| Aniline |
62533 |
| Benzene |
71432 |
|
Benzidine | 92875 |
| Benzotrichloride |
98077 |
|
Benzyl chloride |
100447 |
| beta-Propiolactone | 57578 |
| Biphenyl | 92524 |
| Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) | 117817 |
| Bis(chloromethyl) ether |
542881 |
| Bromoform | 75252 |
| Caprolactam |
105602 |
| Carbon disulfide | 75150 |
| Carbon tetrachloride | 56235 |
| Carbonyl sulfide | 463581 |
| Catechol |
120809 |
| Chloroacetic acid | 79118 |
| Chlorobenzene | 108907 |
| Chloroform | 67663 |
| Chloromethyl methyl ether | 107302 |
| Chloroprene |
126998 |
| Cresols (isomers and mixture) | 1319773 |
| Cumene | 98828 |
| DDE (1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene) | 72559 |
| Diazomethane | 334883 |
| Dibenzofuran | 132649 |
| Dibutylphthalate | 84742 |
| Dichloroethyl ether (Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether) | 111444 |
| Diethanolamine | 111422 |
| Diethyl sulfate | 64675 |
| Dimethyl phthalate |
131113 |
|
Dimethyl sulfate |
77781 |
| Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride | 79447 |
| Epichlorohydrin (1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane) | 106898 |
| Ethyl acrylate | 140885 |
| Ethyl carbamate (Urethane) | 51796 |
|
Ethyl chloride (Chloroethane) | 75003 |
|
Ethylbenzene | 100414 |
| Ethylene dibromide (Dibromoethane) | 106934 |
| Ethylene dichloride (1,2-Dichloroethane) | 107062 |
| Ethylene glycol |
107211 |
| Ethylene oxide | 75218 |
| Ethylenethiourea | 96457 |
| Ethylidene dichloride (1,1-Dichloroethane) | 75343 |
| Formaldehyde | 50000 |
| Glycol ethers b | 0 |
| Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene | 87683 |
| Hexachlorobenzene |
118741 |
|
Hexachloroethane | 67721 |
| Hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate | 822060 |
| Hexamethylphosphoramide | 680319 |
| Hexane |
110543 |
| Hydrazine | 302012 |
| Hydroquinone | 123319 |
| Isophorone | 78591 |
| m-Cresol |
108394 |
| m-Xylene | 108383 |
|
Maleic anhydride | 108316 |
| Methanol | 67561 |
| Methyl bromide (Bromomethane) |
74839 |
| Methyl chloride (Chloromethane) | 74873 |
| Methyl chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) |
71556 |
| Methyl ethyl ketone (2-Butanone) |
78933 |
| Methyl iodide (Iodomethane) |
74884 |
| Methyl isobutyl ketone (Hexone) | 108101 |
| Methyl isocyanate | 624839 |
| Methyl methacrylate | 80626 |
| Methyl tert-butyl ether | 1634044 |
| Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane) | 75092 |
| Methylhydrazine |
60344 |
| N,N-Dimethylaniline |
121697 |
| N,N-Dimethylformamide | 68122 |
| N-Nitroso-N-methylurea | 684935 |
| N-Nitrosodimethylamine |
62759 |
| N-Nitrosomorpholine | 59892 |
| Napthalene | 91203 |
| Nitrobenzene | 98953 |
| o-Anisidine | 90040 |
| o-Cresol | 95487 |
| o-Toluidine |
95534 |
| p-Cresol | 106445 |
| p-Phenylenediamine |
106503 |
| p-Xylene | 106423 |
| Phenol | 108952 |
| Phosgene | 75445 |
| Phthalic anhydride |
85449 |
| Polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclors) | 1336363 |
| Polycyclic Organic Mattera |
0 |
| Propionaldehyde | 123386 |
| Propoxur (Baygon) | 114261 |
| Propylene dichloride (1,2-Dichloropropane) | 78875 |
| Propylene oxide | 75569 |
| Quinone | 106514 |
| Styrene |
100425 |
| Styrene oxide | 96093 |
| Tetrachlorethylene (Perchloroethylene) | 127184 |
| Toluene | 108883 |
| Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate | 584849 |
|
Trichloroethylene | 79016 |
| Triethylamine |
121448 |
| Trifluralin | 1582098 |
| Vinyl acetate | 108054 |
| Vinyl bromide | 593602 |
| Vinyl chloride | 75014 |
| Vinylidene chloride (1,1-Dichloroethylene) | 75354 |
| Xylenes (isomers and mixture) | 1330207 |
| a Includes organic compounds with more than
one benzene ring, and which have a boiling
point greater than or equal to 100 degrees
Celsius b Includes mono- and di- ethers of ethylene glycols and triethylene glycol; R-(OCH2 CH2 )RR-OR where:
R=alkyl or aryl groups R’=R, H, or groups which, when removed, yield glycol ethers with the structure R-(OCH2 CH2 )N -OH. Polymers are excluded from the glycol category. | |
| Chemical Name | CAS No. |
| 1,1-Dimethyl hydrazine | 57147 |
| 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane | 96128 |
| 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine | 122667 |
| 1,2-Propylenimine (2-Methyl aziridine) | 75558 |
| 1,2:7,8-Dibenzopyrene | 189559 |
| 1,3-Butadiene | 106990 |
| 1,3-Dichloropropene | 542756 |
| 1,3-Propane sultone | 1120714 |
| 1,4-Dichlorobenzene(p) | 106467 |
| 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethyleneoxide) | 123911 |
|
2-Acetylaminoflourine | 53963 |
|
2-Nitropropane | 79469 |
|
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin | 1746016 |
| 2,4-Dinitrotoluene | 121142 |
| 2,4-Toluene diamine | 95807 |
| 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol | 88062 |
| 3,3’-Dichlorobenzidine | 53963 |
| 3,3’-Dimethoxybenzidine | 119904 |
| 3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine | 119937 |
| 4,4’-Methylene bis (2-chloroaniline) | 101144 |
| 4,4’-Methylenedianiline | 101779 |
| 4-Aminobiphenyl | 92671 |
| 7,12-Dimethylbenz (a)anthracene | 57976 |
| Acetaldehyde | 75070 |
| Acetamide | 60355 |
| Acrylamide | 79061 |
| Acrylonitrile | 107131 |
| Aniline | 62533 |
| Antimony trioxide | 1309644 |
| Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds | 99999904 |
| Benz(c)acridine | 225514 |
| Benzene | 71432 |
| Benzidine | 92875 |
| Benzo (a) pyrene | 50328 |
| Benzo(a)anthracene | 56553 |
| Benzo(b)fluoranthene | 205992 |
| Beryllium compounds | 7440417 |
| Beryllium salts Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) | 117817 |
| Bis(chloromethyl)ether | 542881 |
| Bromoform | 75252 |
| Cadmium compounds Captan | 133062 |
| Carbon tetrachloride | 56235 |
| Chlordane | 57749 |
| Chlorobenzilate | 510156 |
| Chloroform | 67663 |
| Chromium compounds (hexavalent) Chrysene | 218019 |
| Coke oven emissions | 99999908 |
| DDE (1,1-p-chlorophenyl 1-2 dichloroethylene) | 72559 |
| Dibenz(ah)anthracene | 53703 |
| Dichloroethyl ether (Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether) | 111444 |
| Dichlorvos | 62737 |
| Diethyl sulfate | 64675 |
| Dimethyl carbamoyl chloride | 79447 |
| Dimethyl formamide | 68122 |
| Dimethyl aminoazobenzene | 60117 |
| Epichlorohydrin | 106898 |
| Ethyl acrylate | 140885 |
| Ethyl carbamate (Urethane) | 51796 |
| Ethylene dibromide (1,2-Dibromethane) | 106934 |
| Ethylene dichloride (1,2-Dichloroethane) | 107062 |
| Ethylene oxide | 75218 |
| Ethylene thiourea | 96457 |
| Formaldehyde | 50000 |
| Heptachlor | 76448 |
| Hexachlorobenzene | 118741 |
| Hexamethylphosphoramide | 680319 |
| Hydrazine | 302012 |
| Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene | 193395 |
| Lindane (hexachlorcyclohexane, gamma) | 58899 |
| Methyl hydrazine | 60344 |
| Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane) | 75092 |
| N-Nitroso-N-methylurea | 684935 |
| N-Nitrosodimethylamine | 62759 |
| N-Nitrosomorpholine | 59892 |
| Nickel refinery dust Nickel subsulfide | 12035722 |
| o-Anisidine | 90040 |
| o-Toluidine | 95534 |
| Pentachlorophenol | 87865 |
| Polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclors) | 1336363 |
| Propoxur | 114261 |
| Propylene dichloride (1,2-Dichloropropane) | 78875 |
| Propylene oxide | 75569 |
| Selenium sulfide (mono and di) | 7488564 |
| Styrene oxide | 96093 |
| Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene) | 127184 |
| Toxaphene (chlorinated camphene) | 8001352 |
| Trichloroethylene | 79016 |
| Vinyl bromide (bromomethene) | 593602 |
| Vinyl chloride | 75014 |
RESOURCES
Accomplishments of North Carolina Industries—Case Summaries,
“Wood Office Furniture
Manufacturer Coats with Air-assisted Airless
Spray Guns to Reduce Overspray and VOC
Emissions,” Steelcase, Inc. Raleigh, N.C.:
North Carolina Dept. of Natural Resources,
July 1989.
Guidebook of Environmental Solutions for Small Businesses, Resource Dynamics Corporation. Vienna, Va., August 1993.
Pollution Prevention in the Finishing of Wood Furniture—A Resource Manual and Guide, Waste Reduction Assistance Program, Virginia Department of Environmental Quality. Richmond, Va.: Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, October 1993.
Wood Furniture Industry Waste Reduction Opportunities (Draft), Center for Environmental Research, Tennessee Valley Authority Waste Management, August 1994.
Wood Furniture Waste Reduction Opportunities, Doland-Friss Assoc., Preventative Environmental Management, and Radian Corp. U.S. EPA Center for Environmental Research Information/Tennessee Valley Authority Waste Management, August 1994.
WHERE TO FIND HELP
Air emissions calculations (SBEAP)
800-578-8898
Air permits and emissions calculations (KDHE)
913-296-1593
Hazardous waste (KDHE)
913-296-1600
MACT compliance assistance—free and nonregulatory (SBEAP)
800-578-8898
Paint disposal and recycling (KDHE)
913-296-1600
Pollution prevention (KDHE)
913-296-6603
Recycling (KDHE)
913-296-1540
Stormwater (KDHE)
913-296-5557
Technical assistance—free and nonregulatory (SBEAP)
800-578-8898
VOC emissions (KDHE)
913-296-1548
Water pollution (KDHE)
913-296-5500
The University of Kansas, Kansas State University, and Wichita State University are committed to providing programs and activities regardless of race, religion, color, sex, national origin, age, or disability. For information, contact Dennis Murphey at 913- 897-8530.
Return to Kansas SBEAP Environmental Edge - Publications List
© 1996 SBEAP
Questions or comments? Please e-mail: owens@wsuhub.uc.twsu.edu
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